The Deadly Morocco Earthquake: On September 8, 2023, Morocco was rocked by a devastating earthquake, the strongest to strike the country in over a century. With a magnitude of 6.8, the earthquake’s epicenter was located in the Atlas Mountains region, specifically in Al-Haouz. This natural disaster had deep and tragic consequences, resulting in widespread destruction and a significant loss of life.
Morocco is currently dealing with the aftermath of the earthquake. The tremor, which hit around 70 kilometers southwest of Marrakesh, has killed more than 2,800 people, with thousands more injured. The death toll seems likely to rise as rescue and recovery efforts continue.
International aid has been accepted from Britain, Spain, Qatar, and the UAE, with France pledging 5 million euros. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies has also supported the Moroccan Red Crescent Society financially.
Why was the quake so deadly?
Multiple factors have contributed, according to seismologists and disaster risk-reduction specialists.
One key factor contributing to the severity of this earthquake was its magnitude. While a 6.8 magnitude earthquake may not be considered enormous globally, it was notably large for Morocco. The region generally experiences moderate seismic activity due to the ongoing collision of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates. This geological activity is responsible for the seismicity stretching from Turkey to Gibraltar. Morocco’s complex geological history and multiple fault lines in a vast area make predicting earthquake magnitudes challenging. In essence, this earthquake was exceptional for the region.
Another crucial aspect that amplified the tragedy was the lack of preparedness. Earthquakes themselves do not inherently cause casualties; it’s the collapsing infrastructure that poses the greatest threat. Even moderate earthquakes can be lethal if societies are unprepared to cope. This was painfully evident in Morocco’s case.
Historical records show that the region has experienced numerous significant earthquakes. Yet, most buildings in the affected area were constructed using gravel or sand, prone to collapse during earthquakes. While strengthening buildings with materials like concrete could enhance earthquake resilience, practicality and cost constraints often limit such measures, especially in areas with high poverty levels.
Moreover, Morocco has traditionally prioritized building designs that mitigate extreme temperature conditions over earthquake resilience. This lack of emphasis on earthquake-resistant construction materials and techniques played a significant role in the widespread destruction.
A Broader Perspective on Disaster Preparedness
Disaster researcher Ilan Kelman highlights that earthquakes are not merely geological events; they are deeply intertwined with social and economic factors. Building earthquake resilience requires addressing broader societal issues, including poverty and education. It’s a reminder that all aspects of disaster risk reduction are fundamentally about development.
Additionally, involving local communities in making buildings more resilient to earthquakes is vital. Residents deeply understand their architecture and what will work best for their needs. Their input can be invaluable in designing effective solutions. Kelman says it is also crucial to consider earthquake resilience as part of sustainable development. People are often advised to have a “go bag” containing essentials like bottled water, non-perishable food, medicines and a means of communication – but they need to have enough money to afford to maintain it.
The Morocco earthquake is a stark reminder of the deadly consequences when a region is unprepared for the seismic threats it faces. While the earthquake’s magnitude contributed, the lack of earthquake-resistant infrastructure and inadequate disaster preparedness were equally significant. This tragic event highlights the importance of investing in seismic resilience and addressing the broader societal issues that intersect with disaster risk reduction, ultimately working towards a safer future.
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